一、简介

Cygwin是一个在windows平台上运行的类UNIX模拟环境，是cygnus solutions公司开发的自由软件(该公司开发的著名工具还有eCos，不过现已被Redhat收购)。它对于学习UNIX/Linux操作环境，或者从UNIX到Windows的应用程序移植，或者进行某些特殊的开发工作，尤其是使用GNU工具集在Windows上进行嵌入式系统开发，非常有用。随着嵌入式系统开发在国内日渐流行，越来越多的开发者对Cygwin产生了兴趣。

Cygwin 提供一个UNIX 模拟 DLL 以及在其上层构建的多种可以在 Linux 系统中找到的软件包，在 Windows XP SP3 以上的版本提供良好的支持。Cygwin主要由Red Hat及其下属社区负责维护。

二、下载安装

下载链接，系统是64位的，可以直接选择setup-x86_64.exe下载

下载完，打开，如果想默认安装路径的，可以一路下一页，直到这一页

这页可以给环境选择安装一些软件包，例如vim、git、wget、python、opencv等工具。

三、给Cygwin安装apt-cyg

直接复制下面这段代码，保存为apt-cyg文件，然后放到cygwin的安装目录下的bin目录下即可。

#!/bin/bash

# apt-cyg: install tool for Cygwin similar to debian apt-get

#

# The MIT License (MIT)

#

# Copyright (c) 2013 Trans-code Design

#

# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy

# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights

# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell

# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is

# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

#

# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in

# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

#

# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE

# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN

# THE SOFTWARE.

if [ ${BASH_VERSINFO}${BASH_VERSINFO[1]} -lt 42 ]

then

echo 'Bash version 4.2+ required'

exit

fi

usage="\

NAME

apt-cyg - package manager utility

SYNOPSIS

apt-cyg [operation] [options] [targets]

DESCRIPTION

apt-cyg is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a

Cygwin system. Invoking apt-cyg involves specifying an operation with any

potential options and targets to operate on. A target is usually a package

name, file name, URL, or a search string. Targets can be provided as command

line arguments.

OPERATIONS

install

Install package(s).

remove

Remove package(s) from the system.

update

Download a fresh copy of the master package list (setup.ini) from the

server defined in setup.rc.

download

Retrieve package(s) from the server, but do not install/upgrade anything.

show

Display information on given package(s).

depends

Produce a dependency tree for a package.

rdepends

Produce a tree of packages that depend on the named package.

list

Search each locally-installed package for names that match regexp. If no

package names are provided in the command line, all installed packages will

be queried.

listall

This will search each package in the master package list (setup.ini) for

names that match regexp.

category

Display all packages that are members of a named category.

listfiles

List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be specified

on the command line.

search

Search for downloaded packages that own the specified file(s). The path can

be relative or absolute, and one or more files can be specified.

searchall

Search cygwin.com to retrieve file information about packages. The provided

target is considered to be a filename and searchall will return the

package(s) which contain this file.

mirror

Set the mirror; a full URL to a location where the database, packages, and

signatures for this repository can be found. If no URL is provided, display

current mirror.

cache

Set the package cache directory. If a file is not found in cache directory,

it will be downloaded. Unix and Windows forms are accepted, as well as

absolute or regular paths. If no directory is provided, display current

cache.

OPTIONS

--nodeps

Specify this option to skip all dependency checks.

--version

Display version and exit.

"

version="\

apt-cyg version 1

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2005-9 Stephen Jungels

"

function wget {

if command wget -h &>/dev/null

then

command wget "$@"

else

warn wget is not installed, using lynx as fallback

set "${*: -1}"

lynx -source "$1" > "${1##*/}"

fi

}

function find-workspace {

# default working directory and mirror

# work wherever setup worked last, if possible

cache=$(awk '

BEGIN {

RS = "\n\\<"

FS = "\n\t"

}

$1 == "last-cache" {

print $2

}

' /etc/setup/setup.rc)

mirror=$(awk '

/last-mirror/ {

getline

print $1

}

' /etc/setup/setup.rc)

mirrordir=$(sed '

s / %2f g

s : %3a g

' <<< "$mirror")

mkdir -p "$cache/$mirrordir/$arch"

cd "$cache/$mirrordir/$arch"

if [ -e setup.ini ]

then

return 0

else

get-setup

return 1

fi

}

function get-setup {

touch setup.ini

mv setup.ini setup.ini-save

wget -N $mirror/$arch/setup.bz2

if [ -e setup.bz2 ]

then

bunzip2 setup.bz2

mv setup setup.ini

echo Updated setup.ini

else

echo Error updating setup.ini, reverting

mv setup.ini-save setup.ini

fi

}

function check-packages {

if [[ $pks ]]

then

return 0

else

echo No packages found.

return 1

fi

}

function warn {

printf '\e[1;31m%s\e[m\n' "$*" >&2

}

function apt-update {

if find-workspace

then

get-setup

fi

}

function apt-category {

check-packages

find-workspace

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

awk '

$1 == "@" {

pck = $2

}

$1 == "category:" && $0 ~ query {

print pck

}

' query="$pks" setup.ini

done

}

function apt-list {

local sbq

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

let sbq++ && echo

awk 'NR>1 && $1~pkg && $0=$1' pkg="$pkg" /etc/setup/installed.db

done

let sbq && return

awk 'NR>1 && $0=$1' /etc/setup/installed.db

}

function apt-listall {

check-packages

find-workspace

local sbq

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

let sbq++ && echo

awk '$1~pkg && $0=$1' RS='\n\n@ ' FS='\n' pkg="$pkg" setup.ini

done

}

function apt-listfiles {

check-packages

find-workspace

local pkg sbq

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

(( sbq++ )) && echo

if [ ! -e /etc/setup/"$pkg".lst.gz ]

then

download "$pkg"

fi

gzip -cd /etc/setup/"$pkg".lst.gz

done

}

function apt-show {

find-workspace

check-packages

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

(( notfirst++ )) && echo

awk '

$1 == query {

print

fd++

}

END {

if (! fd)

print "Unable to locate package " query

}

' RS='\n\n@ ' FS='\n' query="$pkg" setup.ini

done

}

function apt-depends {

find-workspace

check-packages

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

awk '

@include "join"

$1 == "@" {

apg = $2

}

$1 == "requires:" {

for (z=2; z<=NF; z++)

reqs[apg][z-1] = $z

}

END {

prpg(ENVIRON["pkg"])

}

function smartmatch(small, large, values) {

for (each in large)

values[large[each]]

return small in values

}

function prpg(fpg) {

if (smartmatch(fpg, spath)) return

spath[length(spath)+1] = fpg

print join(spath, 1, length(spath), " > ")

if (isarray(reqs[fpg]))

for (each in reqs[fpg])

prpg(reqs[fpg][each])

delete spath[length(spath)]

}

' setup.ini

done

}

function apt-rdepends {

find-workspace

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

awk '

@include "join"

$1 == "@" {

apg = $2

}

$1 == "requires:" {

for (z=2; z<=NF; z++)

reqs[$z][length(reqs[$z])+1] = apg

}

END {

prpg(ENVIRON["pkg"])

}

function smartmatch(small, large, values) {

for (each in large)

values[large[each]]

return small in values

}

function prpg(fpg) {

if (smartmatch(fpg, spath)) return

spath[length(spath)+1] = fpg

print join(spath, 1, length(spath), " < ")

if (isarray(reqs[fpg]))

for (each in reqs[fpg])

prpg(reqs[fpg][each])

delete spath[length(spath)]

}

' setup.ini

done

}

function apt-download {

check-packages

find-workspace

local pkg sbq

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

(( sbq++ )) && echo

download "$pkg"

done

}

function download {

local pkg digest digactual

pkg=$1

# look for package and save desc file

awk '$1 == pc' RS='\n\n@ ' FS='\n' pc=$pkg setup.ini > desc

if [ ! -s desc ]

then

echo Unable to locate package $pkg

exit 1

fi

# download and unpack the bz2 or xz file

# pick the latest version, which comes first

set -- $(awk '$1 == "install:"' desc)

if (( ! $# ))

then

echo 'Could not find "install" in package description: obsolete package?'

exit 1

fi

dn=$(dirname $2)

bn=$(basename $2)

# check the md5

digest=$4

case ${#digest} in

32) hash=md5sum ;;

128) hash=sha512sum ;;

esac

mkdir -p "$cache/$mirrordir/$dn"

cd "$cache/$mirrordir/$dn"

if ! test -e $bn || ! $hash -c <<< "$digest $bn"

then

wget -O $bn $mirror/$dn/$bn

$hash -c <<< "$digest $bn" || exit

fi

tar tf $bn | gzip > /etc/setup/"$pkg".lst.gz

cd ~-

mv desc "$cache/$mirrordir/$dn"

echo $dn $bn > /tmp/dwn

}

function apt-search {

check-packages

echo Searching downloaded packages...

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

key=$(type -P "$pkg" | sed s./..)

[[ $key ]] || key=$pkg

for manifest in /etc/setup/*.lst.gz

do

if gzip -cd $manifest | grep -q "$key"

then

package=$(sed '

s,/etc/setup/,,

s,.lst.gz,,

' <<< $manifest)

echo $package

fi

done

done

}

function apt-searchall {

cd /tmp

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

printf -v qs 'text=1&arch=%s&grep=%s' $arch "$pkg"

wget -O matches cygwin.com/cgi-bin2/package-grep.cgi?"$qs"

awk '

NR == 1 {next}

mc[$1]++ {next}

/-debuginfo-/ {next}

/^cygwin32-/ {next}

{print $1}

' FS=-[[:digit:]] matches

done

}

function apt-install {

check-packages

find-workspace

local pkg dn bn requires wr package sbq script

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

if grep -q "^$pkg " /etc/setup/installed.db

then

echo Package $pkg is already installed, skipping

continue

fi

(( sbq++ )) && echo

echo Installing $pkg

download $pkg

read dn bn

echo Unpacking...

cd "$cache/$mirrordir/$dn"

tar -x -C / -f $bn

# update the package database

awk '

ins != 1 && pkg < $1 {

print pkg, bz, 0

ins = 1

}

1

END {

if (ins != 1) print pkg, bz, 0

}

' pkg="$pkg" bz=$bn /etc/setup/installed.db > /tmp/awk.$$

mv /etc/setup/installed.db /etc/setup/installed.db-save

mv /tmp/awk.$$ /etc/setup/installed.db

[ -v nodeps ] && continue

# recursively install required packages

requires=$(awk '$1=="requires", $0=$2' FS=': ' desc)

cd ~-

wr=0

if [[ $requires ]]

then

echo Package $pkg requires the following packages, installing:

echo $requires

for package in $requires

do

if grep -q "^$package " /etc/setup/installed.db

then

echo Package $package is already installed, skipping

continue

fi

apt-cyg install --noscripts $package || (( wr++ ))

done

fi

if (( wr ))

then

echo some required packages did not install, continuing

fi

# run all postinstall scripts

[ -v noscripts ] && continue

find /etc/postinstall -name '*.sh' | while read script

do

echo Running $script

$script

mv $script $script.done

done

echo Package $pkg installed

done

}

function apt-remove {

check-packages

cd /etc

cygcheck awk bash bunzip2 grep gzip mv sed tar xz > setup/essential.lst

for pkg in "${pks[@]}"

do

if ! grep -q "^$pkg " setup/installed.db

then

echo Package $pkg is not installed, skipping

continue

fi

if [ ! -e setup/"$pkg".lst.gz ]

then

warn Package manifest missing, cannot remove $pkg. Exiting

exit 1

fi

gzip -dk setup/"$pkg".lst.gz

awk '

NR == FNR {

if ($NF) ess[$NF]

next

}

$NF in ess {

exit 1

}

' FS='[/\\\\]' setup/{essential,$pkg}.lst

esn=$?

if [ $esn = 0 ]

then

echo Removing $pkg

if [ -e preremove/"$pkg".sh ]

then

preremove/"$pkg".sh

rm preremove/"$pkg".sh

fi

mapfile dt < setup/"$pkg".lst

for each in ${dt[*]}

do

[ -f /$each ] && rm /$each

done

for each in ${dt[*]}

do

[ -d /$each ] && rmdir --i /$each

done

rm -f setup/"$pkg".lst.gz postinstall/"$pkg".sh.done

awk -i inplace '$1 != ENVIRON["pkg"]' setup/installed.db

echo Package $pkg removed

fi

rm setup/"$pkg".lst

if [ $esn = 1 ]

then

warn apt-cyg cannot remove package $pkg, exiting

exit 1

fi

done

}

function apt-mirror {

if [ "$pks" ]

then

awk -i inplace '

1

/last-mirror/ {

getline

print "\t" pks

}

' pks="$pks" /etc/setup/setup.rc

echo Mirror set to "$pks".

else

awk '

/last-mirror/ {

getline

print $1

}

' /etc/setup/setup.rc

fi

}

function apt-cache {

if [ "$pks" ]

then

vas=$(cygpath -aw "$pks")

awk -i inplace '

1

/last-cache/ {

getline

print "\t" vas

}

' vas="${vas//\\/\\\\}" /etc/setup/setup.rc

echo Cache set to "$vas".

else

awk '

/last-cache/ {

getline

print $1

}

' /etc/setup/setup.rc

fi

}

if [ -p /dev/stdin ]

then

mapfile -t pks

fi

# process options

until [ $# = 0 ]

do

case "$1" in

--nodeps)

nodeps=1

shift

;;

--noscripts)

noscripts=1

shift

;;

--version)

printf "$version"

exit

;;

update)

command=$1

shift

;;

list | cache | remove | depends | listall | download | listfiles |\

show | mirror | search | install | category | rdepends | searchall )

if [[ $command ]]

then

pks+=("$1")

else

command=$1

fi

shift

;;

*)

pks+=("$1")

shift

;;

esac

done

set -a

if type -t apt-$command | grep -q function

then

readonly arch=${HOSTTYPE/i6/x}

apt-$command

else

printf "$usage"

fi

四、安装gtk图形化工具

回到第二步的软件包安装页面，搜索gtk，选择gnome，全部安装

安装完成后，打开cygwin命令行，输入startxwin运行后，在右下角图标可以看到下图的情况，在这些栏中就可以使用一些图形化工具

学习渠道

哔哩哔哩_从零开始学习人工智能-努力中的老周